Sarah L. Stafford

Articles and Book Chapters

• Valuing shoreline habitats for recreational fishing, 253 (2024).
• Coastal Forests and Marshes Help Communities as Flooding Increases, 79 (2023) (with Molly Mitchell & Pamela A. Mason).
• Property owner shoreline modification decisions vary based on their perceptions of shoreline change and interests in ecological benefits, 10 (2023) (with Amanda G. Guthrie et al.). Online.
• Using Regulatory Inspection Data to Measure Environmental Compliance, in Measuring Compliance: Assessing Corporate Crime and Misconduct Prevention (M. Rorie & B. van Rooij, Cambridge University Press 2022).
• Emphasizing distributional impacts in teaching solutions to market failures, 15 (2021).
• Regulating hazardous wastes under U.S. environmental federalism: The role of state resources, 108 (2021) (with Mary F. Evans).
• What drives property owners to modify their shorelines? A case study of Gloucester County, Virginia, 40 (2020) (with Amanda G. Guthrie).
• Encouraging Living Shorelines over Shoreline Armoring: Insights from Property Owners Choices in the Chesapeake Bay, 48 (2020).
• Measuring the potential for toxic exposure from storm surge and sea-level rise: Analysis of Coastal Virginia, 20 (2019) (with Alexander D. Renaud).
• Developing a framework to identify local business and government vulnerability to sea-level rise: A case study of Coastal Virginia, 47 (2019) (with Alexander D. Renaud).
• The Clean Air Act Watch List and federal oversight of state enforcement efforts, 93 (2019) (with Mary F. Evans).
• Were the 1982 merger guidelines old news?, 13 (2017) (with Alan J. Meese).
• Pipeline performance and safety in a federal system: A study of natural gas pipeline enforcement by States in the USA, 51 (2017).
• Voluntary Self-Policing and the U.S. Audit Policy, in Compliance and Enforcement of Environmental Law (David Markell, LeRoy Paddock, & Edward Elgar, Edward Elgar 2017).
• An analysis of methods for identifying social vulnerability to climate change and sea level rise: a case study of Hampton Roads, Virginia, 85 (2017) (with Jeremy Abramowitz).
• Environmental management systems and compliance at small and lightly regulated facilities: evidence from the New Hampshire hazardous waste program, 49 (2016).
• Standardization and the impacts of voluntary program participation: Evidence from environmental auditing, 43 (2015) (with Lirong Liu).
• Will additional federal enforcement improve the performance of pipelines in the U.S.?, 37 (2014).
• How predictable are environmental compliance inspections?, 44 (2013).
• Do 'Carrots' Work? Examining the Effectiveness of EPA's Compliance Assistance Program, 31 533 (2012) (peer-reviewed).
• Private Policing of Environmental Performance: Does it Further Public Goals?, 39 BC Envtl. Aff L. Rev. 73 (2012).
• A Facility-level Analysis of the Long-term Consequences of Environmental Auditing among Hazardous Waste Generators, 40 279 (2011) (with Mary Evans & Lirong Liu) (peer-reviewed).
• How Green is Your Campus? An Analysis of the Factors that Drive Universities to Embrace Sustainability, 29 337 (2011) (peer-reviewed).
• Management of Hazardous Waste and Contaminated Land, 3 255 (2011) (with Hilary Sigman) (peer-reviewed).
• Outsourcing Enforcement: Principles to Guide Self-Policing Regimes, 32 Cardozo L. Rev. 2293 (2011).
• Where Things Stand with Hazardous Waste Regulation, in Issues of the Day: 100 Commentaries on Climate, Energy, the Environment, Transportation, and Public Health Policy 76 (2010) (with Ian W. H. Parry and Felicia Day eds., Resources for the Future 2010).
• Individual Decision Making Experiments with Risk and Intertemporal Choice, 38 51 (2009) (with Lisa R. Anderson) (peer-reviewed).
• Self-Policing in a Targeted Enforcement Regime, 74 934 (2008) (peer-reviewed).
• Can Consumers Enforce Environmental Regulations? The Role of the Market in Hazardous Waste Compliance, 31 83 (2007) (peer-reviewed).
• Should You Turn Yourself In? The Consequences of Environmental Self-Policing, 26 305 (2007) (peer-reviewed).
• Rational or Confused Polluters? Evidence from Hazardous Waste Compliance, 5 21 (2006), reprinted in The Economics of Hazardous Waste and Contaminated Land (Hilary Sigman ed., Edward Elgar Publishing 2008) (peer-reviewed).
• State Adoption of Environmental Audit Initiatives, 24 172 (2006) (peer-reviewed).
• Does Self-Policing Help the Environment? EPA's Audit Policy and Hazardous Waste Compliance, 6 Vt. J. Envtl. L. 1 (2005).
• The Campus Parking Game: A Demonstration of Price Discrimination and Consumer Welfare, 71 668 (2005) (with Jeffrey Michaels et al.) (peer-reviewed).
• Progress Toward Title IX Compliance: The Effect of Formal and Informal Enforcement Mechanisms, 85 1469 (2004) (Special Issue Social Science Examines Education) (peer-reviewed).
• An Experimental Analysis of Rent Seeking Under Varying Competitive Conditions, 115 199 (2003) (with Lisa R. Anderson) (peer-reviewed).
• Assessing the Effectiveness of State Regulation and Enforcement of Hazardous Waste, 23 27 (2003) (peer-reviewed).
• Network Externalities and Standardization: A Classroom Demonstration, 69 1000 (2003) (with Christopher S. Ruebeck et al.) (peer-reviewed).
• Punishment in a Regulatory Setting: Experimental Evidence from the VCM, 91 (2003) (with Lisa R. Anderson) (peer-reviewed).
• The Effect of Punishment on Firm Compliance with Hazardous Waste Regulations, 44 290 (2002) (peer-reviewed).
• The Impact of Environmental Regulations on the Location of Firms in the Hazardous Waste Management Industry, 76 569 (2000) (peer-reviewed).